Types of bariatric surgery:
Bariatric surgery is performed with different techniques.Genetics and lifestyle are very effective in choosing different obesity surgery methods.Each of these techniques has pros and cons. For this reason, sick people must have the necessary conditions for surgery and be fully examined.
Overweight :
In the following cases, excess weight can require surgery:
- Body mass index (BMI) above 40 or more than 45 kg overweight
- BMI between 35 and 40 or more than 35 kg overweight with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, asthma, urinary incontinence, or obstructive sleep apnea.
- BMI between 30 and 35 and suffering from a certain type of diabetes or a combination of acute diseases known as metabolic syndrome.
Surgical methods:
The surgeon may use an open or laparoscopic procedure. Laparoscopy leaves smaller wounds, has fewer complications, and has a short recovery time.
In this method, the doctor makes several small incisions and uses a thin and light instrument called a laparoscope to see what is happening inside on a screen in the operating room.
Types of obesity surgeries:
The increasing growth of medical science has made various types of medical surgeries easier and better than in the past. Bariatric surgery is no exception to this rule and is performed with different techniques. Among the most important types of bariatric surgeries are:
Liposuction operation using laser:
Advanced liposuction surgery, which is performed by laser, is done by removing fat and by pulling the skin in the area where fat is accumulated. This type of laser is done through sharp tools and devices, so with this method, fat can be removed with greater detail and precision.
Laser surgery, which is one of the types of bariatric surgery, is more effective for those who want to lose body fat in a specific area, such as the abdomen, sides, thigh fat, chin fat, buttocks, and hands.
Gastric bypass surgery method :
In this technique, the surgeon uses an incision around the stomach to divide it into a small upper part and a large lower part. It then connects the small intestine directly to the upper small part of the stomach. In this way, the food travels a shorter path from the stomach to the intestine, in addition, the capacity of the stomach to hold food and absorb nutrients is significantly reduced.
As a result, the person feels full sooner and begins the process of losing weight immediately after the surgery.
Sleeve gastrectomy :
In this procedure, the surgeon removes most of the stomach (75%) and creates a tube-shaped stomach or a sleeve-shaped stomach that is still connected to the small intestine.
After gastric surgery, the person will have only 60 to 100 grams of capacity. A person feels full sooner because her stomach is smaller.
gastric band :
In this method, gastric banding, a ring is placed around your stomach to reduce the volume of your stomach, so the amount of food you eat is reduced.
Duodenal Switch Surgery:
The duodenal switch method is a type of weight loss surgery in which the size of the stomach and the length of the small intestine are changed, reducing the absorption and digestion of food. This surgical procedure consists of two stages.
First, the major part of the stomach is removed, leaving a sleeve-shaped or banana-shaped part. In the second stage, the surgeon connects the end of the intestine to the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine). This surgical procedure causes nutrient deficiency and malnutrition.
Diet after obesity surgery:
At first, you should drink only liquids. After a few weeks, you can start eating solid foods. A person should consult a nutritionist who is also skilled in bariatric surgery and choose a suitable diet.
Complications of bariatric surgery :
People who undergo bariatric surgery are at risk of the following:
- infection
- blood clot
- Ulcers
- Gallstones caused by weight loss
- Nutrient deficiency
In areas of weight loss, the skin may appear loose and sagging. In order to remove the excess skin, plastic surgery may be required, but at least 18 months should be waited.
Dumping syndrome:
Gastric bypass surgery may result in faster movement of food and drink through the small intestine. Its symptoms include nausea, weakness, sweating, lethargy and sometimes diarrhea after eating.In order to avoid these problems, you should follow the recommendations of nutritionists.
Supplements :
After anti-absorptive bariatric surgery, many people face the lack of absorption of vitamins A, D, E, K, B-12, iron, copper, calcium and other nutrients.
A doctor should be consulted about supplement use.
Gallstone :
Some patients who undergo bariatric surgery suffer from gallstones. Gallstones can be prevented by taking bile salt supplements for six months after surgery.
the conclusion :
For a more accurate answer to the question of who bariatric surgery is suitable for, as mentioned, it is necessary to consult an experienced specialist doctor in the first step so that he can suggest the most suitable method according to your conditions. Certainly, if the doctor does not have enough expertise, the treatment method will not be effective.
